Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Semaglutide
Type 2 diabetes, chronic weight management and product-specific approved indications.
SasaranGLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist.
Evidence
Tahap bukti, bukan sekadar populariti
Klasifikasi ini membantu membezakan kelulusan produk, data manusia, kajian awal, bukti praklinikal dan istilah komuniti.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Tirzepatide
Type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management under product-specific labels.
SasaranDual GIP receptor and GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Kajian klinikal manusia
Retatrutide
Investigational therapy for obesity and metabolic disease; not routine treatment.
SasaranTriple GLP-1R, GIPR and glucagon receptor agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Somatropin (HGH 191AA)
Growth-hormone deficiency and selected growth disorders through licensed prescription products.
SasaranGrowth hormone receptor, with downstream IGF-1 effects.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
SLU-PP-322
Experimental compound studied in preclinical metabolism and endurance models.
SasaranPan-ERR agonist, especially estrogen-related receptor alpha/gamma in preclinical work.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
Pinealon
Marketed as a peptide bioregulator; high-quality clinical evidence is limited.
SasaranNo primary human receptor has been confirmed.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
LL-37
Endogenous antimicrobial peptide studied in immunity and wound biology.
SasaranInteracts with FPR2, P2X7 and membranes; not a single-receptor drug.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
Vyleesi is indicated for selected premenopausal women with acquired generalized HSDD; it is not a general performance enhancer.
SasaranMelanocortin receptor agonist, mainly MC4R and MC3R.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Selank
Studied or marketed for anxiety and cognition; evidence and registration vary by country.
SasaranReported GABA and neurotrophin modulation; a direct primary receptor is not established.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Oxytocin acetate
Induction or augmentation of labour and management of postpartum bleeding in clinical settings.
SasaranOxytocin receptor agonist.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
Epithalon
Marketed for anti-ageing, but human evidence and product standards are insufficient.
SasaranNo validated primary receptor; telomerase claims do not establish an approved indication.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
BPC-157
Experimental peptide marketed for tendon, gut and wound recovery; human evidence is very limited.
SasaranNo confirmed primary human receptor; proposed pathways include NO and VEGF signalling.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
BPC-157 + TB-500
Experimental combination marketed for tissue recovery.
SasaranBPC-157 target is unconfirmed; TB-500 is associated with actin binding.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Forzinity is approved to improve muscle strength in patients with Barth syndrome weighing at least 30 kg; other uses remain investigational.
SasaranBinds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane rather than a classic surface receptor.
Kajian klinikal manusia
CJC-1295 tanpa DAC
Experimental GHRH analogue intended to stimulate growth-hormone release.
SasaranGHRH receptor agonist.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
CJC-1295 tanpa DAC + Ipamorelin
Experimental combination intended to stimulate the GH axis.
SasaranGHRH receptor plus ghrelin receptor/GHS-R1a.
Kajian klinikal manusia
CJC-1295 dengan DAC
Long-acting GHRH analogue used in research.
SasaranGHRH receptor agonist; DAC extends exposure through albumin binding.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
DSIP
Delta sleep-inducing peptide with weak and inconsistent human efficacy evidence.
SasaranNo specific DSIP receptor has been validated.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
Melatonin
Circadian signal used for sleep-related purposes; its legal category varies by country.
SasaranMT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
MT-1 (Melanotan I)
Alpha-MSH analogue; approved afamelanotide is used for selected EPP patients, not general cosmetic tanning.
SasaranPrimarily a melanocortin-1 receptor agonist.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
MT-2 (Melanotan II)
Experimental peptide marketed for tanning and libido.
SasaranAgonist at several melanocortin receptors including MC1R, MC3R and MC4R.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Semax
Studied or marketed for neurological and cognitive uses in some countries.
SasaranNo agreed primary receptor; BDNF and melanocortin-related effects are reported.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Semax + Selank
Experimental combination without validated clinical combination evidence.
SasaranPrimary targets for both peptides remain uncertain.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
TB-500 (Thymosin beta-4 fragment)
Experimental fragment marketed for tissue repair.
SasaranAssociated with actin and cell migration rather than one classic receptor.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
hCG
Prescription therapy for selected fertility and hypogonadism indications.
SasaranLH/CG receptor agonist.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
AOD-9604
Experimental hGH fragment marketed for body-fat reduction.
SasaranHuman mechanism is not confirmed and it is not a full GHR agonist.
Kajian klinikal manusia
IGF-1 LR3
Long-acting IGF-1 analogue used in research.
SasaranIGF-1 receptor agonist with possible insulin-receptor cross-activity.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Tesamorelin
Reduction of excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV and lipodystrophy; not general weight-loss treatment.
SasaranGHRH receptor agonist that increases endogenous GH and IGF-1.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
Ipamorelin
Experimental growth-hormone secretagogue.
SasaranGhrelin receptor/GHS-R1a agonist.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
AHK-Cu
Copper-binding tripeptide studied for skin and hair applications.
SasaranCopper binding and gene-expression effects; no single primary receptor.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
GHK-Cu
Copper peptide used in skin and hair research; many products are topical cosmetics.
SasaranCopper complex affecting matrix and gene-expression pathways; no single receptor.
Kajian klinikal manusia
Kisspeptin-10
Investigated for reproductive-axis, ovulation and diagnostic uses.
SasaranKISS1R/GPR54 agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Thymosin alpha-1 (Thymalfasin)
Immunomodulator used for selected indications in some countries.
SasaranModulates TLR2/TLR9 and immune-cell function.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial peptide investigated for metabolism and healthy ageing.
SasaranIndirect AMPK activation; no single surface receptor is established.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Sermorelin acetate
GHRH analogue; a historical product was used for paediatric GH deficiency.
SasaranGHRH receptor agonist.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
Glutathione
Endogenous antioxidant; cosmetic injection claims raise safety concerns.
SasaranRedox cofactor rather than a receptor agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Botulinum toxin
Neurological and aesthetic indications vary by toxin and licensed brand.
SasaranCleaves SNARE proteins and blocks acetylcholine release.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
5-Amino-1MQ
Experimental small molecule investigated for fat metabolism.
SasaranNNMT enzyme inhibitor, not a receptor agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Cerebrolysin
Neurotrophic peptide mixture used for selected neurological conditions in some countries.
SasaranMulti-peptide mixture with no single defining receptor.
Kajian klinikal manusia
Cagrilintide
Long-acting amylin analogue investigated for weight management.
SasaranAmylin receptor complex agonist: calcitonin receptor plus RAMP.
Kajian klinikal manusia
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)
Experimental peptide investigated for inflammation and neuropathy.
SasaranProposed EPOR/CD131 innate-repair receptor.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
SNAP-8
Topical cosmetic peptide used to soften the appearance of expression lines.
SasaranSNAP-25/SNARE-terminal mimic; not a receptor agonist.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
NAD+
Cellular coenzyme; wellness infusions are not equivalent to an approved indication.
SasaranRedox cofactor and substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
BPC-157 + GHK-Cu + TB-500
Experimental combination informally known as the GLOW Stack.
SasaranUnvalidated combination; GHK-Cu binds copper and TB-500 is associated with actin.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
VIP
Vasoactive intestinal peptide investigated in pulmonary, immune and neurological research.
SasaranVPAC1 and VPAC2 agonist, with lower PAC1 activity.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
KPV
Alpha-MSH fragment investigated for anti-inflammatory effects.
SasaranProposed melanocortin and anti-inflammatory signalling; primary receptor uncertain.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
BPC-157 + GHK-Cu + TB-500 + KPV
Experimental combination informally known as the KLOW Stack.
SasaranExperimental combination with no validated human combination pharmacology.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
GHRP-2
Experimental growth-hormone secretagogue.
SasaranGhrelin receptor/GHS-R1a agonist.
Kajian manusia peringkat awal
GHRP-6
Experimental growth-hormone secretagogue.
SasaranGhrelin receptor/GHS-R1a agonist.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
Vitamin B12
Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and formulation-specific indications.
SasaranCellular uptake involves transcobalamin/CD320 and intestinal cubilin.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
AICAR
Experimental nucleoside analogue studied in metabolism and AMPK signalling.
SasaranIndirect AMPK activation after conversion to ZMP.
Praklinikal / mekanistik
Bacteriostatic water
Preserved sterile diluent used only when a medicine label permits it.
SasaranNo receptor.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Lipo-C / MIC blends
Methionine, inositol, choline, carnitine and vitamin blends marketed as lipotropic products.
SasaranMultiple nutrients, cofactors and transporters; no single receptor.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Lemon Bottle
Cosmetic lipolysis product whose composition and legal status may vary by market.
SasaranNo single target can be confirmed from the product name alone.
Produk/indikasi berdaftar
L-Carnitine formulations
Levocarnitine treats selected carnitine deficiencies; fat-loss formulations are not automatically equivalent medicines.
SasaranOCTN2 transporter and the carnitine shuttle; not a receptor agonist.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Lipo-C Fat Blaster
Marketed blend of carnitine, MIC nutrients, B vitamins and NADH.
SasaranMultiple cofactors and transporters; no single receptor.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Super Shred
Marketed carnitine/MIC/ATP/albuterol/B12 blend with potential cardiovascular risk.
SasaranAlbuterol activates beta-2 adrenergic receptors; other components act differently.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Super Human Blend
Marketed amino-acid, carnitine and NAC blend.
SasaranMultiple transporters and metabolic pathways; no single receptor.
Istilah komuniti / pemasaran
Healthy Hair Skin Nails Blend
Marketed B-vitamin, choline and inositol blend for cosmetic benefits.
SasaranMetabolic cofactors; no single receptor.